darnshong

昨天导师让我读取一14位灰度的bmp图像。因为我原来是在matlab下整过14位灰度bmp图像的。我用原来写的matlab程序来读取这种图像。但是与正确的数据总是偏差一点。究竟是哪里出了问题。费了好大的劲还是没找到原因。是不是我的原理有问题？对了，可以看一下matlab是如何读取16位的bmp图像的。因为matlab在读取完16位bmp图像之后还得将其转化为RGB三分量。如果知道了matlab是如何将16位数据转化为RGB三分量的话，将RGB三分量复原为16位的数据也就不复杂了。经过长时间的仔细查找，终于在readbmpdata.m这个文件中找到了matlab将16位数据转化为RGB三分量的那段代码。代码如下：
RGB(1:abs(height), 1:width, 1) = uint8(bitslice(X,11,15));
RGB(:,:,2) = uint8(bitslice(X,6,10));
RGB(:,:,3) = uint8(bitslice(X,1,5));

%Scale data for display
RGB = bitor(bitshift(RGB,3),bitshift(RGB,-2));

原来RGB三分量是各自从16位的数据X中取其中的5位。将这5位的数据左移3位与这5位数据右移2位相或，最终得到了8位的数据。如此的话，将RGB三分量复原成16位的数据就不困难了。

原来的程序是这样的：
　function b=read16graybmp(filename)
if(nargin~=1)
    error('Need 1 parameters!');
end;0
  i=0:2^5-1;index5=floor(i*255.99/(2^5-1));%for 5bits
　value5(index5 1)=0:2^5-1;
　a=imread(filename);
  b1=value5(a(:,:,1) 1);
  b2=value5(a(:,:,2) 1);
  b3=value5(a(:,:,3) 1);
　b=bitshift(uint16(b1),10) bitshift(uint16(b2),5) uint16(b3);
如果按照matlab将16位数据转化成RGB三分量的原理的话，程序可以是这样：
　function b=read16graybmp(filename)
if(nargin~=1)
    error('Need 1 parameters!');
end;0
  i=0:2^5-1;index5=floor(i*255.99/(2^5-1));%for 5bits
　value5(index5 1)=0:2^5-1;
　 a=imread(filename);
　 b1=bitshift(a(:,:,1),-3);
　 b2=bitshift(a(:,:,2),-3);
　 b3=bitshift(a(:,:,3),-3);　
 　b=bitshift(uint16(b1),10) bitshift(uint16(b2),5) uint16(b3);
但是仔细想想，两者的原理是相类似的。如果在运行
i=0:2^5-1;index5=floor(i*255.99/(2^5-1));
i8=uint8(i);index55=bitor(bitshift(i8,3),bitshift(i8,-2));
a=index5==index55;find(a==0)
结果显示index5与index55是一样的。但原来写的程序读出来的数据有的就是有偏差，究竟是怎么回事呢。费了好大的劲才找到问题。原来a=imread(filename);执行后，a的类型是uint8,如果a是255的话，那么加1等于0而不是256,问题就出在这里。于是，我们可以将原来的程序稍微改动一下就可以了。
　function b=read16graybmp(filename)
if(nargin~=1)
    error('Need 1 parameters!');
end;0
  i=0:2^5-1;index5=floor(i*255.99/(2^5-1));%for 5bits
　value5(index5 1)=0:2^5-1;
　a=double(imread(filename));
  b1=value5(a(:,:,1) 1);
  b2=value5(a(:,:,2) 1);
  b3=value5(a(:,:,3) 1);
　b=bitshift(uint16(b1),10) bitshift(uint16(b2),5) uint16(b3);

参考：用matlab读取16位、14位、12位灰度bmp图像（*.bmp）

　　前些时候去上《软件无线电》时，听老师讲信号插值的原理：在相邻两个信号间插入N-1个零，然后信号通过低通滤波器，原先插入的零的位置自动替换为适当的插值，觉得甚是奇妙。如果将其应用于图像的插值，就不用再一个个地来计算所在位置的插值了。经过几天的试验，终于成功了。大体是设要将原图像放大N倍，则在原图像数据的相邻两个像素插入N－1个零，将插值后的图像进行FFT2变换，在频域对数据进行截取，将高频部分置为1（或是0），再进行IFFT2变换，如此图像就已经插值放大的，图像质量跟还不错。

　　参考程序如下：

%a function to magnify the image using the lowpass filter.
%       function cout=magnif(filestr,x,y)
%       filestr: the image filename string
%       x:the times magnify in the row direction,integer>=1
%       y:the times magnify in the column direction,integer>=1;
%designed by darnshong,chenzushang@sina.com
%March 31,2006
function cout=magnif(filestr,x,y)
a=imread(filestr);
timesx=round(x);%x;
timesy=round(y);%y;
b=a(:,:,1);
xy=size(b);
sy=xy(1);
sx=xy(2);
c2=zeros(sy*timesy,sx*timesx);
n=1:sy;
m=1:sx;
c2(n*timesy,m*timesx)=b(n,m);
if(timesx>1)
    for i=timesy:timesy:(sy*timesy),
        fc=fft(c2(i,:));
        fc((ceil((sx+1)/2)):(timesx*sx-ceil((sx+1)/2)+1))=0;
        c2(i,:)=abs(ifft(fc));
    end,
end,
if(timesy>1)
    for j=1:(sx*timesx),
        fc=fft(c2(:,j));
        fc((ceil((sy+1)/2)):(timesy*sy-ceil((sy+1)/2)+1))=0;
        c2(:,j)=abs(ifft(fc));
    end
end,
c2=c2*timesx*timesy;
% minc=min(min(c2));
% maxc=max(max(c2));
% cout=uint8(256/(maxc-minc).*(c2-minc));
cout=uint8(c2);
%imshow(c2);

//matlab mex file to convert font characters to image
//author:darnshong http://darnshong.52blog.net
//date:2006,2
//compile to use >> mex font2pic.c user32.lib gdi32.lib
//declaration: a=font2pic(iBits,iHeight,iAngle,iBold,bItalic,pstrFontName,chartemp);
// iBits:double the font chararter's resolution 1,2,3,4
// iHeight:double  the font character's height
// iAngle:double  the font character's angle
// iBold: double  the font character's weight
// bItalic: boolean  be italic or not
// pstrFontName:char array  the fontname.
//You can use "a=enumfont;" to get all the right fontnames;
// chartemp: char  the font character
//e.g.:a=font2pic(2,695,0,300,0,'华文行楷','尚');
//usage: >>a=font2pic(2,695,0,300,0,'华文行楷','尚');
//       >>imshow(a)

#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "mex.h"
int BITSTABLE[]={2,5,17,65};
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
    int iBits,iHeight,iAngle,iBold,charLineW,nDims[2],i,j,k,recchar;
    UINT uchar;
    bool bItalic,*pbool;
    BYTE chartemp[3];
    char *pBuf=NULL,*pchar,pstrFontName[100];
    mxChar *cShowChar;
    MAT2 mmat2={0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1};
    GLYPHMETRICS glpm;
    HFONT hfont,hold;
    HDC hdc;
    DWORD nLen,nLentemp;
    if(nrhs!=7)
        mexErrMsgTxt("The number of input arguments must be 7");
    iBits=(int)*(double*)mxGetData(prhs[0]);
    iHeight=(int)*(double*)mxGetData(prhs[1]);
    iAngle=(int)*(double*)mxGetData(prhs[2]);
    iBold=(int)*(double*)mxGetData(prhs[3]);
    bItalic=(bool)*(double*)mxGetData(prhs[4]);
    mxGetString(prhs[5],pstrFontName,100);
    mxGetString(prhs[6],chartemp,3);
    if(iBits<1 || iBits>4)
        mexErrMsgTxt("The iBits must be an integer between 1 and 4.\n");
    if(chartemp[0]<128)
    {
        uchar=chartemp[0];
     }
    else
    {
        //mexPrintf("the char num is %d\n",chartemp[0]);
        uchar=chartemp[0];
        uchar=uchar<<8;
        //mexPrintf("the char num is %d\n",uchar);
        uchar+=chartemp[1];
        //mexPrintf("the char num is %d\n",uchar);
       
    }
    //mexPrintf("iBits:%d;iHeight:%d;iAngle:%d;iBold:%d;iItalic:%d;FontName:%s;Char:%d\n",iBits,iHeight,iAngle,iBold,bItalic,pstrFontName,uchar);
    //printf("The font name is %s\n",pstrFontName);
    hfont=CreateFont(iHeight,0,iAngle,0,iBold,bItalic,0,0,DEFAULT_CHARSET,OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS,CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS,DEFAULT_QUALITY,DEFAULT_PITCH|FF_DONTCARE,pstrFontName);
    if(hfont==NULL)
    {
        mexErrMsgTxt("Fail to create the font!\n");
    }
    hdc=GetWindowDC(NULL);
    hold=SelectObject(hdc,hfont);
    if(iBits==1)
        nLen=GetGlyphOutline(hdc,uchar,iBits,&glpm,0,NULL,&mmat2);
    else
       nLen=GetGlyphOutline(hdc,uchar,iBits+2,&glpm,0,NULL,&mmat2);
                 //GGO_BITMAP 1
          // GGO_GRAY2_BITMAP   4
                // GGO_GRAY4_BITMAP   5
                //GGO_GRAY8_BITMAP   6
    if(nLen!=GDI_ERROR)
    {
        if(pBuf!=NULL)
            free(pBuf);
        if(nLen<0)
            mexErrMsgTxt("the malloc memory'size can't be negative!\n");
       
        pBuf=(char*)mxMalloc(nLen);
        if(pBuf==NULL)
        {
            mexErrMsgTxt("Fail to malloc the memory!\n");
        }
        if(iBits==1)
        {
            nLentemp=GetGlyphOutline(hdc,uchar,iBits,&glpm,nLen,pBuf,&mmat2);
           
            if(nLentemp!=nLen)
            {
                mexPrintf("The font size is too big!\n");
                exit(-1);
            }
            charLineW=(glpm.gmBlackBoxX/32+(glpm.gmBlackBoxX%32==0?0:1))*4;
            //mexPrintf("charLine:%d,X:%d; Y:%d\n",charLineW,glpm.gmBlackBoxX,glpm.gmBlackBoxY);
            nDims[0]=glpm.gmBlackBoxY;
            nDims[1]=glpm.gmBlackBoxX;
            if(nDims[0]<=0 || nDims[1]<=0)
            {
                mexErrMsgTxt("return error matrix!\n ");
            }
            plhs[0]=mxCreateNumericArray(2,nDims,mxLOGICAL_CLASS,mxREAL);
            pbool=(bool*)mxGetData(plhs[0]);
            for(j=0;j<glpm.gmBlackBoxY;j++)
                for(i=0;i<glpm.gmBlackBoxX/8;i++)
                  for(k=0;k<8;k++)
                 {  
                    pbool[(8-k+i*8)*glpm.gmBlackBoxY+j]=!((pBuf[j*charLineW+i]&1<<k)>>k);
                  
                   }
           }
        else
        {
            nLentemp=GetGlyphOutline(hdc,uchar,iBits+2,&glpm,nLen,pBuf,&mmat2);
           
            if(nLentemp!=nLen)
            {
                //mexPrintf("The font size is too big!\n");
                exit(-1);
            }
            charLineW=(glpm.gmBlackBoxX/4+(glpm.gmBlackBoxX%4==0?0:1))*4;
           // mexPrintf("charLine:%d,X:%d; Y:%d\n",charLineW,glpm.gmBlackBoxX,glpm.gmBlackBoxY);
            nDims[0]=glpm.gmBlackBoxY;
            nDims[1]=glpm.gmBlackBoxX;
            if(nDims[0]<=0 || nDims[1]<=0)
            {
                mexErrMsgTxt("return error matrix!\n ");
            }
            plhs[0]=mxCreateNumericArray(2,nDims,mxUINT8_CLASS,mxREAL);
            pchar=(BYTE *)mxGetData(plhs[0]);
            for(j=0;j<glpm.gmBlackBoxY;j++)
                for(i=0;i<glpm.gmBlackBoxX;i++)
                    pchar[i*glpm.gmBlackBoxY+j]=(BYTE)(255.0-pBuf[j*charLineW+i]*255.0f/(BITSTABLE[iBits-1]-1));
          
        }
         mxFree(pBuf);
       
    }
    else
    {
        plhs[0]=NULL;
        //mexPrintf("nLen is %d,The font size is too big!\n",nLen);
        mexErrMsgTxt("Fail to select the font!\n");
    }
    
        SelectObject(hdc,hold);
        DeleteObject(hfont);
        ReleaseDC(GetDesktopWindow(),hdc);
   
}

//matlab mex file to enum the system font(window)
//compile to use >>mex eunmfont.c user32.lib gdi32.lib
//usage: >>a=enumfont();
//       >>a
// designed by darnshong   chenzushang@sina.com   http://darnshong.52blog.net
//2005,12,24
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "mex.h"

_TCHAR *pchar[500];
_TCHAR temp[200];
int strnum=0;
int strleng;
int CALLBACK MyEnumFontProc(ENUMLOGFONTEX* lpelf,NEWTEXTMETRICEX* lpntm,DWORD nFontType,long lParam)
{
   
    if(_tcscmp(temp,lpelf->elfLogFont.lfFaceName))
    {
       _tcscpy(temp,lpelf->elfLogFont.lfFaceName);
       
       //mexPrintf("%d:%s---%d\n",strnum,temp,_tcsclen(temp));
      pchar[strnum]=mxMalloc(_tcsclen(temp)*sizeof(_TCHAR)+1);//extra 1byte to contain '\0';
      if(pchar[strnum]==NULL)
      {
          mexPrintf("Can't malloc the memory!\n");
          return 0;
      }
      _tcscpy(pchar[strnum],temp);
       strnum++;
          
   }
   
}
void EnumFont()
{
    LOGFONT lf;
    HDC dc;
 lf.lfCharSet=DEFAULT_CHARSET;
 lf.lfFaceName[0]='\0';
 lf.lfPitchAndFamily=0;
    dc=GetWindowDC(NULL);
      EnumFontFamiliesEx(dc,&lf,(FONTENUMPROC) MyEnumFontProc,0,0);
}
void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
    int i;
    strnum=0;
    EnumFont();
    plhs[0]=mxCreateCharMatrixFromStrings(strnum,pchar);
   for(i=0;i<strnum;i++)
      mxFree(pchar[i]);
}

// matlab mex file to snap the screen
// compile to use>> mex screensnap.c user32.lib gdi32.lib
// usage:1, >>a=screensnap(0)     %exclude the matlab window
//        >>imshow(a);
//       2, >>a=screensnap(1);    %include the matlab window
//          >> imshow(a);
// designed by darnshong   chenzushang@sina.com  http://darnshong.52blog.net
// 2005,12,18
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "mex.h"

void mexFunction(int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{
    int cx,cy,recnum;
    int dims[3],i,j,k;
    char *pchar,*mloc;
    bool bshowmatlab;
    HWND hwin,hactw;
    HDC dc,memdc;
    RECT rect;
    HBITMAP hbitm,hold;
    BITMAPINFOHEADER binfoh;
    if(nrhs!=1)
        mexErrMsgTxt("Need 1 argument!\n");
    if(!mxIsDouble(prhs[0]))
        mexErrMsgTxt("The input argument must be a numeric!\n");
    if(*(double*)(mxGetData(prhs[0]))==0)
        bshowmatlab=false;
    else
        bshowmatlab=true;
    hactw=GetForegroundWindow();
    hwin=GetDesktopWindow();
    dc=GetWindowDC(hwin);
    GetWindowRect(hwin,&rect);
    cx=rect.right-rect.left;
    cy=rect.bottom-rect.top;
    mexPrintf("cx: %d cy: %d\n!",cx,cy);
    memdc=CreateCompatibleDC(dc);
    mexPrintf("Handles: %d %d %d\n!",hwin,dc,memdc);
    hbitm=CreateCompatibleBitmap(dc,cx,cy);
    if(hbitm==0)
        mexErrMsgTxt("Fail to create a compatible bitmap!\n");
     if (!(hold=SelectObject(memdc, hbitm)))
    mexErrMsgTxt("Compatible Bitmap Selection!\n");
 
        // Hide the application window.
     if(!bshowmatlab)
    {
       ShowWindow(hactw, SW_HIDE);
       Sleep(100);
     }
         //Copy color data for the entire display into a
         //bitmap that is selected into a compatible DC.
 
       if (!BitBlt(memdc,0,0,cx,cy,dc,0,0,SRCCOPY)) 
        mexErrMsgTxt("Screen to Compat Blt Failed");
   
        dims[0]=cy;
        dims[1]=cx;
        dims[2]=3;
             
        plhs[0]=mxCreateNumericArray(3,dims,mxUINT8_CLASS,mxREAL);
        pchar=(char*)mxGetData(plhs[0]);
        binfoh.biSize=sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
        binfoh.biWidth=cx;
        binfoh.biHeight=-cy;
        binfoh.biPlanes=1;
        binfoh.biBitCount=24;
        binfoh.biCompression=BI_RGB;
        binfoh.biSizeImage=0;
        binfoh.biXPelsPerMeter=0;
        binfoh.biYPelsPerMeter =0;
        binfoh.biClrUsed=0;
        binfoh.biClrImportant=0;
        mloc=(char*)mxMalloc(cx*cy*3);
        recnum=GetDIBits(memdc,hbitm,0,cy,mloc,(BITMAPINFO*)&binfoh,DIB_RGB_COLORS);
        mexPrintf("Copyed %d lines %d\n!",recnum,hbitm);
        for(k=0;k<3;k++)
        for(j=0;j<cy;j++)
            for(i=0;i<cx;i++)
       {
            pchar[i*cy+j+k*cx*cy]=mloc[(j*cx+i)*3+2-k];
                }
        mxFree(mloc);
        SelectObject(hbitm,hold);
        DeleteDC(memdc);
        ReleaseDC(hwin,dc);
        DeleteObject(hbitm);
        if(!bshowmatlab)
        ShowWindow(hactw, SW_SHOW);
       
}

function miffile(filename,var,width,depth)
%       function miffile(filename,var,width,depth)
%       It creates a 'mif' file called filename,which be written with var.
%       The 'mif' file is a kind of file formats which is uesed in Altera's
%       EDA tool,like maxplus II ,quartus II,to initialize the memory
%       models,just like cam,rom,ram.
%       Using this function,you can easily produce the 'mif' file written
%       with  all kinds of your data.
%       If the size of 'var' is shorter than 'depth',0 will be written for the
%       lefts.If the size of 'var' is greater than 'depth',than only 'depth' former
%       data of 'var' will be written;
%       the radix of address and data is hex
%       filename --the name of the file to be created,eg,"a.mif",string;
%       var ----the data to be writed to the file, can be 3D or less ,int or other fittable;
%       width --the word size of the data,width>=1,int;
%       depth --the number of the data to be writed,int;
%
%       because matlab read the matrix is colum first,if you want to write
%       the 'var' data in row first mode, just set var to var';
%
%       example:
%             a=uint8(rand(16,16)*256);
%             miffile('randnum.mif',a,8,256);
 
if(nargin~=4) %% be tired to do more inupts check!
    error('Need 4 parameters! Use help miffile for help!');
end, 
   
fh=fopen(filename,'w+');
fprintf(fh,'--Created by darnshong.\r\n');
fprintf(fh,'--chenzushang@sina.com.\r\n');
fprintf(fh,'--%s.\r\n',datestr(now));
fprintf(fh,'WIDTH=%d;\r\n',width);
fprintf(fh,'DEPTH=%d;\r\n',depth);
fprintf(fh,'ADDRESS_RADIX=HEX;\r\n');
fprintf(fh,'DATA_RADIX=HEX;\r\n');
fprintf(fh,'CONTENT BEGIN\r\n');
%%%%%%
%%%%%%
var=rem(var,2^width);%% clip to fit the width;
[sx,sy,sz]=size(var);%% can only fit 3D or less;

value=var(1,1,1);
sametotal=1;
idepth=0;
addrlen=1;
temp=16;
while(temp<depth) %%decide the length of addr
       temp=temp*16;
       addrlen=addrlen+1;
end, 

datalen=1;
while(temp<width) %%decide the length of data
       temp=temp*16;
       datalen=datalen+1;
end, 

for k=1:sz,
    for j=1:sy,
        for i=1:sx,
            if(~((i==1 ) &&( j==1) &&( k==1)))
               if(idepth<depth),
                  idepth=idepth+1;
                if(value==var(i,j,k))
                    sametotal=sametotal+1;
                    continue;
                else
                   
                        if(sametotal==1)
                           fprintf(fh,['\t%' num2str(addrlen) 'X:%' num2str(datalen) 'X;\r\n'],idepth-1,value);
                        else
                           fprintf(fh,['\t[%' num2str(addrlen) 'X..%' num2str(addrlen) 'X]:%' num2str(datalen) 'X;\r\n'],idepth-sametotal,idepth-1,value);
                        end,
                       sametotal=1;
                       value=var(i,j,k);
                end,
                    else
                 break;
               
                end,
            end,
        end,
    end,
end,

if(idepth<depth)
             if(sametotal==1)
               fprintf(fh,['\t%' num2str(addrlen) 'X:%' num2str(datalen) 'X;\r\n'],idepth,value);
              else
                 fprintf(fh,['\t[%' num2str(addrlen) 'X..%' num2str(addrlen) 'X]:%' num2str(datalen) 'X;\r\n'],idepth-sametotal+1,idepth,value);
              end,
end,
if(idepth<depth-1)
    if(idepth==(depth-2))
        fprintf(fh,['\t%' num2str(addrlen) 'X:%' num2str(datalen) 'X;\r\n'],idepth+1,0);
    else
        fprintf(fh,['\t[%' num2str(addrlen) 'X..%' num2str(addrlen) 'X]:%' num2str(datalen) 'X;\r\n'],idepth+1,depth-1,0);
    end,
end,
%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%
fprintf(fh,'END;\r\n');               
fclose(fh);

function avi2pic(avifile,pickind)
%function avi2pic(avifile,pickind)
% avifile-- the avi filename,like 'darnshong.avi','ioe.avi',etc;
% pickind-- the kind of image format,like 'jpg','bmp',etc
% supported export image
% format:'jpg','jpeg','bmp','tiff','tif','gif','png',etc
mov=aviread(avifile);
temp=size(mov);
fnum=temp(2);
for i=1:fnum,
    strtemp=strcat(int2str(i),'.',pickind);
    imwrite(mov(i).cdata(:,:,:),mov(i).colormap,strtemp);
end,

　　seq格式文件是北京嘉恒中自图像技术有限公司生产的OK系列图像采集卡采集图像时保存的一种格式。文件头为20个字节的SEQINFO结构，紧跟其后按行顺序存放各帧原始图象数据。

序列文件信息结构：

typedef struct { //file info for seq

         short iType;         //文件类型（SQ、JP）

         short iWidth;         //宽度

         short iHeight;// 高度

         short         iBitCount;//象元位数

         short         iFormType; //图象格式

         short         lBlockStep;//图象块跨距的低字

         short iHiStep; //图象块跨距的高字

         short lTotal;         //图象总帧数的低字

         short iHiTotal; //图象总帧数的高字

         short iInterval;// 图象帧间隔数

} SEQINFO;

由于该格式是自定义的，普通的播放器并不支持，所以如果想在普通的播放器上播放，必须转化为一种标准的电影格式。以下是用matlab实现的将8位灰度的seq文件转化为avi格式电影的代码：

function readseq(seqf,avif)
%read the .seq file and play
fhl=fopen(seqf,'r');
a1=fread(fhl,1,'uint16');
a1=fread(fhl,2,'uint16');
fh=a1(1);fw=a1(2);
a1=fread(fhl,4,'uint16');
totalframe=fread(fhl,1,'uint32');
a1=fread(fhl,1,'uint16');
aviobj=avifile(avif);
aviobj.Quality = 100;
aviobj.compression='None';
cola=0:1/255:1;
cola=[cola;cola;cola];
cola=cola';
aviobj.colormap=cola;

for i=1:totalframe
   if(rem(i,15)==0) disp(i);
   end
    adata=uint8(fread(fhl,[fh,fw],'uint8'));
    aviobj=addframe(aviobj,uint8(adata'));
end;
aviobj=close(aviobj);
fclose(fhl);

仅供参考！

　　导师那有好些系列图像，想弄成电影。查了一下matlab的帮助，轻松地实现了，转化成avi格式电影！以下是代码：

function produceavifrompic(pfrom,pto,pext,navi)
aviobj = avifile(navi);
aviobj.Quality = 100;
aviobj.compression='None';
cola=0:1/255:1;
cola=[cola;cola;cola];%%黑白图像
cola=cola';
aviobj.colormap=cola;
for i=pfrom:pto
         fname=strcat(num2str(i),pext)
        adata=imread(fname);
    aviobj = addframe(aviobj,uint8(adata));
end
aviobj=close(aviobj);   

以上是将一系列8位黑白图像转化成avi格式电影，如果是彩色图像，则如下

function produceavifrompic(pfrom,pto,pext,navi)
aviobj = avifile(navi);
aviobj.Quality = 100;
aviobj.compression='None';
for i=pfrom:pto
       fname=strcat(num2str(i),pext)
       adata=imread(fname);
    aviobj = addframe(aviobj,uint8(adata));
end
aviobj=close(aviobj);   

挺简单的吧!快去试试！

 

今天用photoshop做了几幅不同格式的16位bmp图像,包括X1R5G5B5格式、R5G6B5格式和X4R4G4B4格式。然后我用matlab的imread函数来读取，只有X1R5G5B5可以正确读取，其他两种格式无法读取，一读取就出错。我的matlab是7.01版本的，看来还是不支持R5G6B5和X4R4G4B4这两种格式的16位bmp图像　!

16位、14位、12位灰度bmp图像(*.bmp)并不是标准的格式，bmp图像只有16位的彩色图像而没有16位的灰度图像之说。所以，对于16位、14位、12位灰度bmp图像，一般是当做16位的彩色图像写入的，由于这个原因，计算机上看到的这些16位、14位、12位灰度bmp图像看起来都是彩色的，虽然我们写数据的时候写的是灰度的信息。

　　用matlab可以读取16位的bmp图像，但是得到的数据是matlab解析过的彩色数据信息，RGB三个分量都是uint8，且matlab已经把RGB三分量的范围映射到0~255。这些并不是我们想要的bmp图像里的16位数据信息，必须经过适当的处理之后才能得到。只要得到了bmp图像里的16位数据信息，也就得到了那些非标准格式的灰度bmp图像（16位、14位、12位灰度bmp图像）的灰度信息。

　　倘若想保存16位、14位、12位灰度图像而又不让计算机解析成彩色图像，可以保存为*.png、*.tiff格式，这两种格式都支持16位的灰度图像。

　　另外还要提一下的是，由于我们现在所使用的计算机一般最高级也就24位的真彩色（RGB各8位），而要显示灰度图像，RGB三分量必须都相等，也就是说，用来显示灰度的其实只有8位，对于8位以上（不含8位）的灰度图像，计算机是没法正确显示的，无怪乎你若是把原来16位的灰度图像从bmp格式转化成png格式，图像反而不清楚了，因为16位灰度bmp格式时，计算机显示的是彩色图像，而16灰度png格式时，计算机显示的是灰色图像。

　　16位的bmp图像格式有两种，一种是R5G5B5，最高位不用，另一种是R5G6B5。

　　以下是matlab实现上述过程的源代码：

function b=read16graybmp(filename)
%usage: read16graybmp(filename)
%designed by darnshong ioe,cas
if(nargin~=1)
    error('Need 1 parameters!');
end;
  i=0:2^5-1;index5=floor(i*255.99/(2^5-1));%for 5bits
  %index5=[0 8 16 24 33 41 49 57 66 74 82 90 99 107 115 123 132 140 148 156 165 173 181 189 198 206 214 222 231 239 247 255];
  value5(index5 1)=0:2^5-1;
  j=0:2^6-1;index6=floor(j*255.99/(2^6-1));%for 6bits
  value6(index6 1)=0:2^6-1;
  minfo=imfinfo(filename);
 %if(strcmp(minfo.CompressionType,'none'))%for 555 format R5G5B5
  a=double(imread(filename));% modified by darnshong,2006-09-06
  b1=value5(a(:,:,1) 1);
  b2=value5(a(:,:,2) 1);
  b3=value5(a(:,:,3) 1);
  b=bitshift(uint16(b1),10) bitshift(uint16(b2),5) uint16(b3);
% else % for 565 format R5G6B5 ,matlab not supported!
   %a=imread(filename);
   %b1=value5(a(:,:,1) 1);
   %b2=value6(a(:,:,2) 1);
  % b3=value5(a(:,:,3) 1);
  % b=bitshift(uint16(b3),11) bitshift(uint16(b2),5) uint16(b1);
 %end;

参考：用matlab读取16位灰度bmp图像（续）
  
  
  
    
  

 

　　VHDL文件是文本文件，从VHDL文件中提取端口信息即是对字符串的解析。由于各种情况的存在，写出一个能百分之百正确提取端端口信息的程序并不容易。以下是我写的提取端口信息的m文件，用一些VHDL文件进行测试是能正确提取端口信息的。

　　该程序分为两个函数：getvhdlentity()和analyzeport()两个函数，其中，getvhdlentity()函数负责从VHDL文件中提取entity，而analyzeport()函数从是从entity中解析出端口信息。

function outset=getvhdlentity(vhdlfile)
outset={};
if (nargin~=1)
    error('error use!  Usage: outset=getvhdlport(vhdlfile)');
    return;
end;
if ~(exist(vhdlfile,'file')==2)
    error('the vhdlfile doesn''t exist!');
end;

h=fopen(vhdlfile,'r');
tline=0;
tfentity=0;
entityname='';
while ~feof(h)
    tline=fgetl(h);
    copytline=tline;
     tf=strfind(copytline,'--');
    if(~isempty(tf))
    copytline=copytline(1:tf(1)-1);
    end;
      tf=strfind(lower(copytline),'entity');
      if(~isempty(tf))
         tfentity=1;
        copytline=tline(tf:numel(copytline));
       
        [token,remstr]=strtok(copytline);
         [token,remstr]=strtok(remstr);
         entityname=token;
        
        break;
    end;
end;

if tfentity==1
    outset(end+1)=cellstr(tline);
    while ~feof(h)
        tline=fgetl(h);
          tf=strfind(tline,'--');
        if(~isempty(tf))
         tline=tline(1:tf(1)-1);
        end;
        tf=strfind(lower(tline),'end ');
                if(~isempty(tf))
            tempend=tline(tf(1):numel(tline));
            [token,tempend]=strtok(tempend);
            [token,tempend]=strtok(tempend);
            token=strtok(token,';');
            if(strcmp(lower(token),'entity') ||strcmp(token,entityname))
                outset(end+1)=cellstr(tline);
            break;
            end;
        end;
        tline=strtrim(tline);
        if(~isempty(tline))
        outset(end+1)=cellstr(tline);
        end;
    end;
end;
    fclose(h);
    outset=outset';
    
 function outset=analyzeport(vhdlentity)
if(nargin~=1)
    error('error use!\n Usage:outset=analyzeport(vhdlentity)');
end;
totalline=size(vhdlentity,1);
i=1;
outset={};
firstport=1;

while(i<=totalline)
    templ=vhdlentity{i};
    findddot=find(templ==':');
        if(~isempty(findddot))
         templ(findddot(1))=' ';
          b=size(findddot,2);
          if(b==2)
              templ=templ(1:findddot(2)-1);
          end;
          if(firstport==1)
              findp=strfind(lower(templ),'port');
              if(~isempty(findp))
                  [token,templ]=strtok(templ,'(');
                  templ=templ(2:numel(templ));
              end;
          end;
          firstport=0;
         [token,templ]=strtok(templ);
         ass.name=token;
         [token,templ]=strtok(templ);
         ass.iotype=token;
         [token,templ]=strtok(templ,';');
         ass.datatype=strtrim(token);
         dotnum=find(ass.name==',');
         if(~isempty(dotnum))
             strtemp=ass.name;
             for i=1:numel(dotnum),
                 [token,strtemp]=strtok(strtemp,',');
                 ass.name=token;
                 outset{end+1}=ass;
             end;
             ass.name=strtok(strtemp,',');
         end;
         outset{end+1}=ass;
    end;
    i=i+1;
end;
slong=size(outset,2);
temp=outset{slong}.datatype;
numbracket1=numel(find(temp=='('));
numbracket2=numel(find(temp==')'));
if(numbracket1<numbracket2)
    outset{slong}.datatype=temp(1:numel(temp)-1);
end;

 

时下，好些论坛都提供贴图服务，也就是说，你可以把你喜欢的图像上传，与他人共享。但是如果是其他非图像和文本的文件的共享就不是很好办了。为此，我用matlab写了几个函数，用于把普通的文件（一切文件格式）转化成某些特定格式的图像文件（*.bmp,*.png,*.ras,*.tif,*.tiff）。通过这些转化而来的图像文件，你就可以与他人共享你的一切文件。对方只要保存了这个转化而来的图像文件，就可用我所写的函数完整地恢复原来的文件的面目，从而达到通过图像文件来共享一切文件的目的。

以下是我写的几个函数（file2imgdata、file2img、imgdata2file、img2file):

function dat=file2imgdata(filename,imgwidth)
%%dat=file2imgdata(filename,imgwidth)
%convert the common file to image data
%%--------------------the image map-------------------
% |-----------------the image width-------------------|
% |'csz'(3)+extension(20)+patch with '0'+file size(?)-|
% |the uint8 format data,acquired from the source file|
% |...................................................|
% |....................no data,patch with uint8(0)----|
% designed by darnshong,ioe,cas
if(~exist(filename,'file'))
    error('The file does not exist!');
 end;
[fpath,fname,fileext]=fileparts(filename);% get the file'extension
fileext=fileext(2:numel(fileext));
extnum=uint8(fileext);
if(numel(extnum)<20)
    temp=zeros(1,20);
    temp(1:numel(extnum))=extnum;
     temp((numel(extnum)+1):20)=uint8('.');
    extnum=temp;
else
    error('the length of the file extension is large than 20');
end;
%%%%%%% get the source file size

s=dir(filename);
fsize=s.bytes;%get the file size.
fsize=num2str(uint32(fsize),'%d');
fsize=uint8(fsize);
extralen=imgwidth-3-20;
if(numel(fsize)<=extralen)
    temp=zeros(1,extralen);
    temp(1:extralen-numel(fsize))=uint8('0');
     temp((extralen+1-numel(fsize)):extralen)=fsize;
    fsize=temp;
else
    error('the length of the file size is too large!');
  
end;
dat=[];
dat(1,:)=[uint8('czs'),extnum,fsize];
fsrc=fopen(filename,'r');
totalline=uint32(ceil(s.bytes/imgwidth));
for i=1:totalline-1
           dat(end+1,:)=fread(fsrc,imgwidth);
end;
     temp=fread(fsrc,imgwidth); %not enough data,so patch with 0;
     temp1=zeros(1,imgwidth);
     temp1(1:numel(temp))=temp;
     dat(end+1,:)=temp1;
fclose(fsrc);
dat=uint8(dat);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

function  yy=file2img(commonfile,imgfile,imgwidth)
%yy=file2img(commonfile,imgfile,imgwidth)
%convert the common file like .exe,.doc,to the image file.
%thus you can post your common file as a image file.
% designed by darnshong,ioe,cas
if(nargin~=3)
     error('Input parameters error!Require 3 parameters!');
 end;
 yy=file2imgdata(commonfile,imgwidth);
 finddot=find(imgfile=='.');
 imgext=imgfile(finddot(1)+1:end);
 if~(strcmp(imgext,'bmp') || strcmp(imgext,'png') || strcmp(imgext,'ras') ||...
         strcmp(imgext,'tif') || strcmp(imgext,'tiff'))
     error('Not support image format!The image file format should be *.bmp,*.png,*.ras,*.tif,*.tiff');
 end;
 imwrite(yy,imgfile);
 
     
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

function  imgdata2file(dat,filenoext)
%%%% imgdata2file(dat,filenoext)
% ----dat,the image data
% convert the imagedata to the common file
%%dat=file2imgdata(filename,imgwidth)
%%--------------------the image map-------------------
% |-----------------the image width-------------------|
% |'csz'(3)+extension(20)+patch with '0'+file size(?)-|
% |the uint8 format data,acquired from the source file|
% |...................................................|
% |....................no data,patch with uint8(0)----|
% designed by darnshong,ioe,cas

testczs=dat(1,1:3);%test if the image data is valid.
testczs=char(testczs);
if(~strcmp(testczs,'czs'))
    error('wrong image data!');
end
imgwidth=size(dat,2);
finddot=find(dat(1,:)==uint8('.'));
ext=dat(1,4:finddot(1)-1);%get the common file's extension
ext=char(ext);
fsize=dat(1,(finddot(end)+1):imgwidth);%get the common file's size

fsize=str2double(char(fsize));
dstfile=strcat(filenoext,'.',ext);
fdst=fopen(dstfile,'w');
totalline=uint32(ceil(fsize/imgwidth));
for i=2:totalline,
    fwrite(fdst,dat(i,:),'uint8');
end;
lastline=dat(totalline+1,1:(fsize-imgwidth*(totalline-1)));
fwrite(fdst,lastline,'uint8');
fclose(fdst);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

function yy=img2file(imgfile,commonfilenoext)
%%%  yy=img2file(imgfile,commonfilenoext)
% convert the image file to the common file
% thus you can restore the common file from the image file.
% designed by darnshong,ioe,cas
if(nargin~=2)
     error('Input parameters error!Require 2 parameter!');
 end;
finddot=find(imgfile=='.');
 imgext=imgfile(finddot(1)+1:end);
 if~(strcmp(imgext,'bmp') || strcmp(imgext,'png') || strcmp(imgext,'ras') ||...
         strcmp(imgext,'tif') || strcmp(imgext,'tiff'))%only support some image format
     error('Not support image format!The image file format should be *.bmp,*.png,*.ras,*.tif,*.tiff');
 end;  %%%% because the *.jpg image format is lossy compression,it can't be used.
 yy=imread(imgfile);
 imgdata2file(yy,commonfilenoext);
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

（4）     GUI界面及运行后结果：  

 

GUI　m文件的全部程序如下：

　　　function varargout = view_ctl(varargin)

% VIEW_CTL M-file for view_ctl.fig

%      VIEW_CTL, by itself, creates a new VIEW_CTL or raises the existing

%      singleton*.

%

%      H = VIEW_CTL returns the handle to a new VIEW_CTL or the handle to

%    the existing singleton*.

%

%      VIEW_CTL('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local

%      function named CALLBACK in VIEW_CTL.M with the given input arguments.

%

%      VIEW_CTL('Property','Value',...) creates a new VIEW_CTL or raises the

%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are

%      applied to the GUI before view_ctl_OpeningFunction gets called.  An

%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application

%      stop.  All inputs are passed to view_ctl_OpeningFcn via varargin.

%

%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one

%      instance to run (singleton)".

%

% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

 

% Copyright 2002-2003 The MathWorks, Inc.

 

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help view_ctl

 

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Nov-2004 11:03:21

 

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

gui_Singleton = 1;

gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...

                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...

                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @view_ctl_OpeningFcn, ...

                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @view_ctl_OutputFcn, ...

                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...

                   'gui_Callback',   []);

if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})

    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});

end

 

if nargout

    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

else

    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});

end

% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before view_ctl is made visible.

function view_ctl_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)

% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.

% hObject    handle to figure

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% varargin   command line arguments to view_ctl (see VARARGIN)

 

% Choose default command line output for view_ctl

handles.output = hObject;

handles.vhdlfileext='';

 

% Update handles structure

guidata(hObject, handles);

 

 

 

% UIWAIT makes view_ctl wait for user response (see UIRESUME)

% uiwait(handles.viewctl_fig);

set(handles.viewM_button,'Enable','off');

 

 

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.

function varargout = view_ctl_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);

% hObject    handle to figure

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

 

% Get default command line output from handles structure

varargout{1} = handles.output;

 

 

 

 

function imgfile_edit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to imgfile_edit (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

 

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of imgfile_edit as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of imgfile_edit as a double

 

 

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function imgfile_edit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to imgfile_edit (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

 

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

else

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));

end

 

 

% --- Executes on button press in browsefile_button.

function browsefile_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to browsefile_button (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({'*.jpg';'*.bmp';'*.gif'});

if(~isempty(filename))

    set(handles.imgfile_edit,'String',[pathname filename]);

        guidata(hObject,handles);

end;

 

 

 

% --- Executes on button press in share_cb.

function share_cb_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to share_cb (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

 

% Hint: get(hObject,'Value') returns toggle state of share_cb

h=[handles.Portnum_text handles.Portnum_edit handles.Portnum_add];

if get(hObject,'value')

    set(h,'Enable','off');

else

    set(h,'Enable','on');

end;

 

 

 

function Portnum_edit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to Portnum_edit (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

 

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of Portnum_edit as text

%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of Portnum_edit as a double

port=str2double(get(hObject,'String'));

if ~isnan(port),

    port=round(port);

    if port<0 || port>66535,

        msg = {['Specified TCP/IP port number: ''' num2str(port) ''' is illegal.'],...

                'Please select an unused value from 1024 to 49151,',...

                'or select 0 to let the computer choose the port number.' };

         errordlg(msg,'Port Selection Error','modal')

        port=get(hObject,'UserData');

        set(hObject,'String',num2str(port));

    else

        if port~=0 && (port<1024 || port>49151),

            msg = {['Specified TCP/IP port number: ''' num2str(port) ''' is not recommended.'],...

                    'Please select an unused value from 1024 to 49151,',...

                    'or select 0 to let the computer choose the port number.' };

            warndlg(msg,'Port Selection Warning','modal')

        end;

        set(hObject,'UserData',port);

        set(hObject,'String',num2str(port));

    end;

else

    msg={['Please input digital port num' ]};

    errordlg(msg,'port num input error','modal');

end;   

       

               

       

       

 

% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.

function Portnum_edit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to Portnum_edit (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

 

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.

%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.

if ispc

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');

else

    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));

end;

 

 

% --- Executes on button press in start_button.

function start_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)

% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)

% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB

% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

global imgfile;

global figfile;

warning off;

disp('To enable access from ModelSim, HDLDaemon is used with appropriate link settings.');

disp('The following messages are produced by HDLDaemon to indicate link status ...');

vhdlfilenoext=strrep(handles.vhdlfileext,'.vhd','');

imgfile=get(handles.imgfile_edit,'String');

figfile=[mfilename,'.fig'];

 

%disp('imgfile:');disp(imgfile);

%disp('figfile:');disp(figfile);

 

if(isempty(imgfile))

    return;

end;

if get(handles.share_cb,'value')

    dstatus=hdldaemon('status');

    if isempty(dstatus)

        dstatus=hdldaemon;

    elseif strcmp(dstatus.comm,'shared memory')

         if strcmp(computer,'GLNX86')

             hdldaemon('kill');

             dstatus=hdldaemon;

         end;

    elseif strcmp(dstatus.comm,'sockets')

        disp('Shutting down HDLDaemon to restart it with shared memory');

        hdldaemon('kill');

        dstatus=hdldaemon;

    else

        error('unexpected return value from hdldaemon(''status'')');

    end;

    vsim_comm='';

 else

    dstatus=hdldaemon('status');

    portnum=get(handles.Portnum_edit,'UserData');

    %%portnum=round(str2double((get(handles.Portnum_edit,'String'));